The differential spectrum of a ternary power mapping

Postponed access: the file will be available after 2022-03-06A function f(x)from the finite field GF(pn)to itself is said to be differentially δ-uniform when the maximum number of solutions x ∈GF(pn)of f(x +a) −f(x) =bfor any a ∈GF(pn)∗and b ∈GF(pn)is equal to δ. Let p =3and d =3n−3. When n >1is odd, the power mapping f(x) =xdover GF(3n)was proved to be differentially 2-uniform by Helleseth, Rong and Sandberg in 1999. Fo r even n, they showed that the differential uniformity Δfof f(x)satisfies 1 ≤Δf≤5. In this paper, we present more precise results on the differential property of this power mapping. Fo r d =3n−3with even n >2, we show that the power mapping xdover GF(3n)is differentially 4-uniform when n ≡2 (mod 4) and is differentially 5-uniform when n ≡0 (mod 4). Furthermore, we determine the differential spectrum of xdfor any integer n >1.acceptedVersio

The differential spectrum of a ternary power mapping

A function f(x)from the finite field GF(pn)to itself is said to be differentially δ-uniform when the maximum number of solutions x ∈GF(pn)of f(x +a) −f(x) =bfor any a ∈GF(pn)∗and b ∈GF(pn)is equal to δ. Let p =3and d =3n−3. When n >1is odd, the power mapping f(x) =xdover GF(3n)was proved to be differentially 2-uniform by Helleseth, Rong and Sandberg in 1999. Fo r even n, they showed that the differential uniformity Δfof f(x)satisfies 1 ≤Δf≤5. In this paper, we present more precise results on the differential property of this power mapping. Fo r d =3n−3with even n >2, we show that the power mapping xdover GF(3n)is differentially 4-uniform when n ≡2 (mod 4) and is differentially 5-uniform when n ≡0 (mod 4). Furthermore, we determine the differential spectrum of xdfor any integer n >1

Exploration of Prognostic Biomarkers of Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer (MIBC) by Bioinformatics

We aimed to discover prognostic factors of muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) and investigate their relationship with immune therapies. Online data of MIBC were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Gene Expression Omnibus database (GEO) database. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) and univariate Cox analysis were applied to classify genes into different groups. Venn diagram was used to find the intersection of genes, and prognostic efficacy was proved by Kaplan-Meier analysis. Heatmap was utilized for differential analysis. Riskscore (RS) was calculated according to multivariate Cox analysis and evaluated by receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC). MIBC samples from TCGA and GEO were analyzed by WGCNA and univariate Cox analysis and intersected at 4 genes, CLK4, DEDD2, ENO1, and SYTL1. Higher SYTL1 and DEDD2 expressions were significantly correlated with high tumor grades. Riskscore based on genes showed great prognostic efficiency in predicting overall survival (OS), disease-specific survival (DSS), and progression-free interval (PFI) in TCGA dataset ( P  < .001). The area under the ROC curve (AUC) of RS reached 0.671 in predicting 1-year survival and 0.653 in 3-year survival. KEGG pathways enrichment filtered 5 enriched pathways. xCell analysis showed increased T cell CD4+ Th2 cell, macrophage, macrophage M1, and macrophage M2 infiltration in high RS samples ( P  < .001). In immune checkpoints analysis, PD-L1 expression was significantly higher in patients with high RS. We have, therefore, constructed RS as a convincing prognostic index for MIBC patients and found potential targeted pathways

Investigating the Direct and Spillover Effects of Urbanization on Energy-Related Carbon Dioxide Emissions in China Using Nighttime Light Data

Cities are the main emission sources of the CO2 produced by energy use around the globe and have a great impact on the variation of climate. Although the implications of urbanization and socioeconomic elements for carbon emission have been extensively explored, previous studies have mostly focused on developed cities, and there is a lack of research into naturally related elements due to the limited data. At present, remote sensing data provide favorable conditions for the study of large-scale and long-time series. Also, the spillover mechanism of urbanization effects on the discharge of carbon has not been fully studied. Therefore, it is necessary to distinguish the types of influence that various urbanization factors have on emissions of CO2. Firstly, this study quantifies the urban CO2 emissions in China by utilizing nighttime lighting images. Then, the spatio-temporal variations and spatial dependence modes of CO2 emissions are explored for 284 cities in China from 2000–2018. Finally, the study further ascertains that multi-dimensional urbanization, socio-economic and climate variables affect the discharge of carbon using spatial regression models. The results indicate that CO2 emissions have a remarkable positive spatial autocorrelation. Urbanization significantly increases CO2 emissions, of which the land urbanization contribution towards CO2 emissions is the most important in terms of spillover effects. Specifically, the data on urbanization’s direct effects reveal that CO2 emissions will increase 0.066%when the urbanization level of a city rises 1%, while the spillover effect indicates that an 0.492% emissions increase is associated with a 1% rise of bordering cities’ average urbanization level. As for the socio-economic factors, population density suppresses CO2 emissions, while technological levels boost CO2 emissions. The natural control factors effect a remarkable impact on CO2 emissions by adjusting energy consumption. This study can provide evidence for regional joint prevention in urban energy conservation, emission reduction, and climate change mitigation

Correlation between Frequency of Eating Out of Home and Dietary Intake, Sleep, and Physical Activity: A Survey of Young CDC Employees in China

Objectives: We aimed to investigate the correlation between the frequency of eating out of home and dietary intake, sleep, and physical activity among young employees from the Center for Disease Control and Prevention in China. Methods: Using the cluster sampling method, 6099 employees aged 40 years or below from the Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) from 32 provinces in China were interviewed using an online questionnaire survey. The frequency of eating out of home, dietary intake, sleep, and physical activity of all participants was described, and correlation analysis was used to study the relationships between eating out of home frequency and related indicators. Results: A total of 5353 valid questionnaires were collected with the recovery rate of 87.77%. The results show that 85.8% of participants eat out of home one to five times per week, 10.1% eat out of home more than six times, and 4.1% never eat out. Correlation analysis showed that eating out of home is negatively correlated with a daily vegetable and fruit intake. The lower the intake of vegetables and fruits, the more obvious this tendency. Eating out of home is positively correlated with a daily intake of meat as well as a weekly intake of aquatic products. The higher the intake of meat and aquatic products, the more obvious this tendency. There was a negative correlation between eating out of home and sleep duration and physical activity. The lower the duration of sleep and physical activity, the more obvious this tendency. Conclusions: Based on existing survey data, young employees from the CDC eat out of home regularly, which may affect dietary intake, sleep, and physical activity. Targeted health education programs are urgently needed to assist in the promotion of a healthy lifestyle and reduce the potential risk of chronic disease

Genome-wide association study exposed the pleiotropic genes for yield-related and oil quality traits in Brassica napus L.

Oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) is an allotetraploid (AACC, 2n ​= ​38) crop, valued for its edible oil and protein content. seed yield and nutritional composition of rapeseed are influenced by its yield and oil quality traits. However, the genetic basis of yield-related and oil-quality traits remain ambiguous. A panel of 266 diversified oilseed rape accessions was genotyped using 223 simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers covering all 19 chromosomes to identify significant markers associated with yield and quality traits. Twelve yield-related and six quality traits were investigated in two consecutive years (2014 and 2015), with three replications in two environments (Changshun, CS; and Qinghe, QH). Using the model GLM with population structure and kinship (Q ​+ ​K), a total of 25 significant SSR markers (P ​< ​0.001) were detected to be associated with these twelve yield-related and six quality traits, explaining 4.56%–19.17% of the phenotypic variation for each trait. Based on these markers, BnaA03g23490D, BnaC09g46370D, BnaA07g37150D, BnaA01g32590D, and BnaC09g37280D were identified as pleiotropic genes controlling multiple traits. These candidate genes illustrated the potential for the genetic understanding of yield and oil quality traits. Most importantly, these significant markers can be used for marker-assisted breeding of oilseed rape in different environments

Additional file 1 of Safety and effectiveness of oral medium to high dose blonanserin in patients with schizophrenia: subgroup analysis from a prospective, multicenter, post-marketing surveillance study in mainland China

Additional file 1: Table S1. Reasons for discontinuation